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Oct 03, 2018 YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA—Renowned rock climber Alex Honnold on Saturday became the first person to scale the iconic nearly 3,000-foot granite wall known as El Capitan without using ropes. El Capitan, also known as El Cap, is a vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. The granite monolith is about 3,000 feet from base to summit along its tallest face, and is a popular objective for rock climbers. The formation was named 'El Capitan' by the Mariposa Battalion when they explored the valley in 1851. El Capitan was taken to be a loose Spanish translation of the local Native American name for the cliff, vario.
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The thermal history of a granite—how fast it cooled and how long it spent at different temperatures—dictates the size of the mineral grains, and thus the rock texture. A prime example is the Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, which has unusually large (up to 3 inches long) crystals of potassium feldspar that are thought to have formed through episodic heating and cooling of the magma. This type of rock dominates the landscape in the Yosemite high country near Tuolumne Meadows.
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Formation
Granite is most often formed where oceanic plates dive beneath continental plates in tectonic environments called subduction zones. In these zones, the input of water-rich oceanic crust causes partial melting at the base of the crust about 25 to 30 miles below the earth’s surface. The resulting magma is less dense than material typically found at that depth, so it rises like oil in salad dressing. This is the silica-rich magma that is often violently expelled from the large volcanos, like Mt. Saint Helens and Mt. Rainier, which sit above subduction zones today.